If the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of propagation, it is called a transverse wave. A region of increased pressure on a sound wave is called a compression or condensation. Buy physics oscillations and waves by panel of experts pdf online from faculty notes. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading the sound of waves. Benjamin cardozo we would accomplish many more things if we did not think of them as impossible. This experiment concentrates on some of the basic concepts used in the study of the physics of sound. In a solid, a sound wave can be either longitudinal or transverse.
Displacement is the distance of a particle of the wave from its equilibrium position at any particular time amplitude a is the maximum displacement of a particle of the wave from its equilibrium position. The physics of waves version date february 15, 2015. The result of longitudinal waves is the creation of compressions and rarefactions within the air. These concepts are important for describing waves of all kinds. The book ends with a short discussion of threedimensional vii viii preface problems in chapter 16, and a study of a few aspects of non linear waves in chapter 17. Download free sample and get upto 95% off on mrprental. Plot a graph with displacement on the vertical axis and time on. This is an interactive, online etext on the physics of sound.
In this article, we get to grips with the different kinds of waves and look at the key characteristics of all waves their wavelength, period, frequency, speed and amplitude. At a football game, the wave might circulate through the stands and move around the stadium. Fhsst physicswavessound applications wikibooks, open. While a mechanical wave exists in a medium which on deformation is capable of producing elastic restoring forces waves ofproducing elastic restoring forces, waves of electromagnetic radiation and probably gravitational. Physics of sound penn state mechanical engineering. Sound and electromagnetic waves and optics bookboon. Oct 21, 2015 if a sound wave hits your ear and makes it vibrate, you hear the sound. As a longitudinal wave, sound is a rapid variation in pressure that propagates regions of above normal pressure regions under compression are called compressions or condensations. As the frequency of the sound wave approaches the resonant frequency of the wine glass, the amplitude and frequency of the waves on the wine glass increase. Electromagnetic waves, energy, work, power, forces, general wave properties, heat capacity, kinematics, kinetic theory of particles, light, mass, weight, density. As a longitudinal wave, sound is a rapid variation in pressure that propagates. A background in neither physics nor mathematics above high school algebra is required.
The nature of sound summary the physics hypertextbook. Chapter 8 has been updated with a discussion of visual and musical features for a new auditorium at the university of maryland. There are less visible but equally pervasive sound waves and elec tromagnetic waves. Bungy jumping is an increasingly popular sport, with a growing clientele of. The doppler effect is an interesting phenomenon that occurs when an object producing sound is moved relatively to the listener. The physics of sound was written for an introductory course in acoustics for nonscientists. No knowledge of physics, mathematics, or music is required. Here, in this part of the book, we study only mechanical waves. The alternating configuration of c and r of particles is described by the graph of a sine wave ccrests, rtroughs the speed of a sound pressure wave in air is.
In this wave motion, people stand up and sit down as the wave passes. From one of the most imaginative and daring scientific minds of this or any century comes a thoughtful, almost intimate account of a personal journey through his momentous discoveries achievements that have changed the face of medicine, industry, even weapons. Vibrations in air are called traveling longitudinal waves, which we can hear. Sound waves in air and under water are longitudinal. Seeing, hearing, feeling warmth, surfing, tuning the radio, using a cellphone these and many more activities involve waves. Sound waves consist of areas of high and low pressure called compressions and rarefactions, respectively. O level physics mcq helps with theoretical, conceptual, and analytical study for selfassessment, career tests. A wave is a disturbance which propagates energy and momentum from one place to the other without the transport of matter. While it does not require a background in physics to understand, it is assumed that the reader has at least high school level linear algebra, calculus, and trigonometry. When a car blaring its horn is behind you, the pitch is higher as it is approaching, and becomes lower as it is moving away. Oscillations and waves university of texas at austin. How can it make sense to use the same word wave for all these disparate phenomena. Provides recent information on the ear, including new advances in cochlear implant technology. Mechanical vibrations and waves, simple harmonic motion, superposition, forced vibrations and resonance, coupled oscillations and normal modes, vibrations of continuous systems, reflection and refraction, phase and group velocity, optics, wave solutions to maxwells equations, polarization, snells law.
Sound can travel through any medium, but it cannot travel through a vacuum. For the onedimensional wave equation let us consider the. O level physics multiple choice questions and answers mcqs pdf is a revision guide with a collection of trivia questions to fun quiz questions and answers pdf on topics. Starting with oscillations in general, the book moves to interference and diffraction phenomena of waves and concludes with elementary applications of schr. All sound waves are compressional waves caused by vibrations, but the music from a symphony varies considerably from both a babys cry and the whisper of a confidant. Sound, a mechanical disturbance from a state of equilibrium that propagates through an elastic material medium. All sound waves can be characterized by their speed, by their pitch, by their loudness, and by their quality or timbre. A standing wave has formed which has seven nodes including the endpoints. A region of decreased pressure on a sound wave is called a rarefaction or dilation. Boundary behavior of sound wave, pitch and frequency are discussed. Sound waves can be reflected by hard, flat surfaces, and absorbed by soft ones. Workshop tutorials for biological and environmental physics wr1b. It can be a good friend, essentially good friend when much knowledge. Includes updated information on musical synthesizers.
The doppler effect is an interesting phenomenon that occurs when an object producing sound is moved relatively to the listener consider the following. The vibrating body causes the medium water, air, etc. This book incorporates the developments in digital audio technology, including consumer products, into a firm foundation of the physics of sound. Wavessuch as these water wavesspread outward from a source.
Diffraction of a wave is the bending or redirection of the travel of the wave when it passes a barrier without changing the medium in. The goal was to create an engaging text that integrates the strengths of printed, static textbooks and the interactive dynamics possible with simulations to engage the student in actively learning the physics of sound. If a sound wave hits your ear and makes it vibrate, you hear the sound. The source of the wave is an oscillating piston at the left. After chapter 12, properties of waves are explored by whatever mathematical techniques are applicable. Sound lies at the very center of speech communication. This book is part of the light and matter series of introductory physics textbooks.
E youngs modulus for a solid material, or the bulk modulus for a fluid. To become familiar with the properties of sinusoidal waves, such as wavelength, wave speed, amplitdue, and frequency. Sound is a longitudinal wave produced by a vibrating source that causes regular variations in air pressure p in diagram above. Oscillations and waves by iit kharagpur download book. Specifically, have you ever thought about the manner in which sound travels from one person or object so that it can be detected by your own ears. Wave motion and sound pdf 11p currently this section contains no detailed description for the page, will update this page soon. This video shows waves on the surface of a wine glass, being driven by sound waves from a speaker. The first eight chapters contain the core material for a onesemester course in the physics of sound and music. Because of the central role played by sound in speech communication, it is important to have a good. Lecture 11 chapter 16 waves i university of virginia. Thus, it is the simplest of the experiments in the package.
This note explains the physics of waves and oscillations including sound, elastic and electromagnetic waves. Set in a remote fishing village in japan, the sound of waves is a timeless story of first love. Apr 06, 2020 sound, a mechanical disturbance from a state of equilibrium that propagates through an elastic material medium. Pdf sound waves are the most common examples of longitudinal waves. It tells of shinji, a young fisherman and hatsue, the beautiful daughter of the wealthiest man in the village. Lamancusa penn state 1252000 an example of a plane wave would be a speaker at the end of a long tube. The physics of waves by howard georgi, 2007, 465 pages, 4. O level physics mcqs by arshad iqbal overdrive rakuten. To study the properties of common waves waves on strings, sound waves, and light waves.
Download physics oscillations and waves by panel of experts. This book is a calculus based treatment of waves, sound waves, interference of waves, electric force. Even more important, though only touched on in this book, is the wave phenomenon of quantum mechanics, built into the fabric of our space and time. Sound is a mechanical, longitudinal wave as a mechanical wave, sound requires a medium sound cannot propagate through a vacuum. Introduction to the physics of waves and sound uvic. Download file pdf conceptual physics wave and sound quiz answers conceptual physics wave and sound quiz answers as your pal in spending the time. Regions of above normal pressure regions under compression are called compressions or condensations. Have you ever taken time to consider how you are able to detect sounds. Printed in the united states of america 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 prenticehall international uk limited, london. The physics of waves helps to explain the process by which sound is produced, travels, and is received. Motion of the waves energy motion of individual molecules of the wave transverse waves two motions are perpendicular waves on a string, water surface waves longitudinal waves two motions are parallel sound waves waves can have both transverse and longitudinal motion. If you poke around with a microphone you will find that the sound pressure is constant everywhere in the tube.
Period t is the time for one complete oscillation of the wave. Where do sounds come from sounds are produced by vibrating or oscillating objects. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher. Part of the undergraduate texts in physics book series unteph. A wave is a disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another without requiring any net flow of mass. Shinji is entranced at the sight of hatsue in the twilight on the beach and they fall in love. However, it does talk about a fairly large number of concepts and definitions which may be unfamiliar to you, and a careful. In our attempt at gaining an awareness of the everyday physics of sound and light, we will first examine. Standing waves and sound level solutions sound level 1. The alternating configuration of c and r of particles is described by the graph of a sine wave ccrests, rtroughs the speed of a sound pressure wave. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets.
An interactive ebook this book consists of 33 interactive simulations which require the reader to click buttons, move sliders, etc. Bending waves in a beam or plate, and water waves are a mixture of shear and longitudinal waves. A sound wave is both the end product of the speech production mechanism and the primary source of raw material used by the listener to recover the speakers message. Superposition and standing waves we are what we believe we are. The speed of a wave on a string is given by the formula, where is the linear density given by. For now, well focus on mechanical waves, requiring a medium in which to travel. Learn more about the properties and types of sound in this article. For more representative collections, this record not lonesome offers it is expediently sticker album resource. The book is targeted at the first year undergraduate science and engineering students. A purely subjective, but unduly restrictive, definition of sound is also possible, as that which is perceived by the ear. It is a longitudinal wave when the particles of the medium oscillate parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave. Does the wind affect the pitch of the factory whistle you hear of a windy day. A water wave is an example of a surface wave, which is a combination of transverse and longitudinal wave motions. The sound of waves kindle edition by mishima, yukio.
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